MODELING DETECTOR FOR RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/2519-481X/2024/84-01Keywords:
registration of ionizing radiation, nuclear process time, continuous spectrum, resolutionAbstract
The detector characteristics are determined mainly by the physical properties of the semiconductor crystal as a sensitive element of the primary converter, as well as by the features of the electrical signal registration process.
The process of registering ionizing radiation (IR) consists of converting a non-electrical quantity that characterizes it into an electrical signal. In other words, one type of energy – IR energy – is converted into another, more convenient for processing and storing information. A current or voltage pulse occurs in the radiation sensor directly as a result of ionization of its active medium – a semiconductor; this pulse carries extensive information. First of all, it is correlated with the moment in time of the nuclear process. In addition, the pulse marks the fact of radiation emission within the solid angle at which sensor is visible from source. The pulse amplitude often serves as a measure of the energy loss of radiation in sensor. The pulse shape differs for different types of radiation, as well as for different areas and angles of radiation penetration into the sensor.
Most of the information transmitted by pulses is characterized by a continuous spectrum: a pulse can appear at any time with different amplitudes. In addition, electrical signals from the detector generally arrive against a background of interference, which significantly reduces the reliability of the transmitted information. Interference can be caused by parasitic electrical signals (circuit element noise, external interference) or extraneous sources of IR. The reliability of measurements increases if the signals have qualities different from interference.
The paper proposes a structural diagram and creates a multichannel digital amplitude analyzer that provides selection of the input signal by the pulse shape at high loads, which is not available in existing devices today. The use of such an analyzer made it possible to increase the energy resolution, stability of the detector with an even greater increase in the input load of the measuring path.
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